1) You could forward the desired e-mails to another e-mail account and have outlook get them from there.
2) You could try
Archiving all of the messages you do not want Outlook to get. From what I was able to read, it sounds like the archived messages no longer appear in the inbox and that
may be good enough for Outlook to only get the messages remaining in Gmail's inbox.
Do you still want the 10 MB of messages to stay on the Gmail server? Then you need to have Outlook's settings changed to leave messages on the server before it ever connects to the Gmail server.